Inertial & transport delays

Inertial delay

Inertial delay models are simulation delay models that filter pulses that are shorted than the propagation delay of Verilog gate primitives or continuous assignments (assign #5 y = ~a;)

​ COMBINATIONAL LOGIC ONLY !!!

• Inertial delays swallow glitches
• sequential logic implemented with procedure assignments DON'T follow the rule

continuous assignments

`timescale 1ns/100ps
module tb;

	reg in;
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	wire out;
	assign #2.5 out = in;
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	initial begin
		in = 0;
		#16;
		in = 1;
		#2;
		in = 0;
		#10;
		in = 1;
		#4;
		in = 0;
	end

	initial begin
		#50;
		$finish();
	end

endmodule

procedure assignment - combinational logic

`timescale 1ns/100ps
module tb;

	reg in;
	reg out;

//////////// combination logic ////////////////////////
	always @(*)
		#2.5 out = in;
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/* the above code is same with following code
    	always @(*) begin
			#2.5;
			out = in;
		end
*/
	initial begin
		in = 0;
		#16;
		in = 1;
		#2;
		in = 0;
		#10;
		in = 1;
		#4;
		in = 0;
	end

	initial begin
		#50;
		$finish();
	end

endmodule

procedure assignment - sequential logic

`timescale 1ns/100ps
module tb;
	reg clk;

	reg in;
	reg out;

	always begin
		clk = 0;
		#5;
		forever begin
			clk = ~clk;
			#5;
		end
	end
//////////// sequential logic //////////////////
	always @(posedge clk)
		#2.5 out <= in;
///////////////////////////////////////////////
	initial begin
		in = 0;
		#16;
		in = 1;
		#2;
		in = 0;
		#10;
		in = 1;
	end

	initial begin
		#50;
		$finish();
	end

endmodule

As shown above, sequential logic DON'T follow inertial delay

Transport delay

Transport delay models are simulation delay models that pass all pulses, including pulses that are shorter than the propagation delay of corresponding Verilog procedural assignments

• Transport delays pass glitches, delayed in time
• Verilog can model RTL transport delays by adding explicit delays to the right-hand-side (RHS) of a nonblocking assignment

always @(*)
    y <= #5 ~a;

nonblocking assignment

`timescale 1ns/100ps
module tb;

	reg in;
	reg out;
/////////////// nonblocking assignment ///
	always @(*) begin
		out <= #2.5 in;
	end
/////////////////////////////////////////
	initial begin
		in = 0;
		#16;
		in = 1;
		#2;
		in = 0;
		#10;
		in = 1;
		#4;
		in = 0;
	end

	initial begin
		#50;
		$finish();
	end

endmodule

blocking assignment

`timescale 1ns/100ps
module tb;

	reg in;
	reg out;
/////////////// blocking assignment ///
	always @(*) begin
		out = #2.5 in;
	end
/////////////////////////////////////////
	initial begin
		in = 0;
		#16;
		in = 1;
		#2;
		in = 0;
		#10;
		in = 1;
		#4;
		in = 0;
	end

	initial begin
		#50;
		$finish();
	end

endmodule

It seems that new event is discarded before previous event is realized.

reference

Verilog Nonblocking Assignments With Delays, Myths & Mysteries

Correct Methods For Adding Delays To Verilog Behavioral Models

Article (20488135) Title: Selecting Different Delay Modes in GLS (RAK) URL: https://support.cadence.com/apex/ArticleAttachmentPortal?id=a1O3w000009bdLyEAI

Article (20447759) Title: Gate Level Simulation (GLS): A Quick Guide for Beginners URL: https://support.cadence.com/apex/ArticleAttachmentPortal?id=a1Od0000005xEorEAE